This paper focuses on the relationship among structure, conduct, and performance (SCP) for a sample of 141 four-digit industries during 1999-2005 in Iran. For this purpose seemingly unrelated regression estimation ((SUR)E) method is used to estimate the parameters of the models for profitability (the ratio of profit to sale), concentration (the inverse of the number of firms in industry), and advertising.Results show that profitability is determined by advertising, which in turn, is affected by profitability. In addition, there are positive relationships among advertising, research and development expenditure, concentration, growth rate of industries’ sale, ratio of investment to sale, and profitability.

In this study, consumption datas of hydrocarbon energy carriers in Iran during the years 1982-2017 were collected. A seemingly unrelated regression ((SUR)) model in balanced panel data approach was proposed It can be beneficial to control energy demand. Results revealed that in the residential-commercial sector indicate that the consumption of hydrocarbon energy carriers with lag has a positive effect and the weighted average price of petroleum energy carriers includes a negative impact on the consumption of hydrocarbon energy carriers. In the industry sector, consumption of hydrocarbon energy carriers with lag includes a positive impact on the usage of hydrocarbon energy carriers, and the weighted average price of petroleum energy carriers has a negative effect on the consumption of hydrocarbon energy carriers. In the agriculture sector, the variables of energy intensity, value added of the agriculture sector, population and consumption of hydrocarbon energy carriers with lag have a positive impact on the usage of hydrocarbon energy carriers in this sector. In the transportation sector, gross domestic product, extremity of energy usage in the transportation part and consumption of hydrocarbon energy carriers with lag include a positive impact on the usage of hydrocarbon energy carriers in this sector and has a negative impact on the consumption of hydrocarbon

Background and objectives: The results of previous empirical studies such as the studies Sougiannis (1996), Null (1997), Zhao and Hongyu (1997), Basile (2001), Rogers (2002), Galia and Legros (2003), Guan (2003), Yoon (2004), Montobbio and Rampa (2005), Barber and Alegre (2007), Johansson and Loof (2008), Singh (2009), Halpen and Murakozy (2009), Yang & Chen (2011), Hosseini and Permeh (1383), Ebadi and Shahiki Tash (1383), Zaree (1387), Abbasi (1391) and Dehghani (1394) show that in most national and international studies, there is no research that indicates a direct effect on behavioral variables between Iran furniture export business products This paper focuses on the relationship between behavioral variables and market performance in the Iranian Furniture Industries (3610 four-digit code of the ISIC classification) during 1390-1374. For this purpose, the researching intensity and intensity of advertising as behavioral variables and the variable export intensity as a performance variable has been used. The system of equations consists of the Exporting, Researching intensity and Advertising intensity applied.Materials and methods: The seemingly unrelated regression Estimation ((SUR)E) method is used to estimate the parameters of the models.Results: Results show that researching intensity and Advertising intensity have a positive and significant effect (0.081 and 0.172) on the export of Iranian Furniture industries and the effect of Advertising intensity is more than Researching intensity. Moreover, the interrupted value of the export is interrupted for a significant positive effect (0.88) on the export in the Furniture industries in Iran that represent the dynamic effects of this variable in Iran. Another part of the results show that the coefficient related exporting and advertising elasticity of research are 0.343 and 0.0123 (28.44 and 40.18). That these results show the relationship between these variables is direct.Conclusion: According to industry research and Trying to marketing and selling the Iranian Furniture Industries is helping to enhancing export in the Iranian Furniture industries.

Background and Objectives: Sustainable management of water resources to maintain environmental needs requires an economic approach to agriculture. Security and management of water in the agricultural sector is the most important strategy for sustainable development of the country. Considering the development process of the country and the transformation of the national economy, the agricultural sector has become the key to the security and economic life of the country. The growing demand of the population and the need to provide food and increase production make the agricultural sector one of the most important economic activities that plays a major role in managing this sector and providing the country's needs. Because of the high share of water use in the agricultural sector, the country faces a depression crisis. Because of the high share of water use in the agricultural sector, the country faces a depression crisis. At present, the country's water potential is not responsive to the growing demand for water in this sector, so resource management and water use optimization in the agricultural sector are the only countermea(SUR)es With a depression crisis. This research has been conducted to determine the production and demand function for sugar beet as one of the basic crops in Khorasan Razavi provinces (Quchan, Chenaran, and Neyshabur cities) in 2016-2017 year. Materials and methods: In the present study, the (SUR)E method has been utilized to determine the water demand function. In this regard, the intrinsic and Alen-Uzawa Partial Elasticities of Substilution, intrinsic and Price Elasticity of Factor Demand parameters have been evaluated in the estimation of the production function and the cost of the transfer of water by the seemingly unrelated regression method. Also, the R2 and adjusted R2 indices have been analyzed for the evaluation of fitting of the model and the Statisticst for meaningful coefficients of the variables. Results: The results confirm the fitting of the used model for sugar beet production cost functions in the study area. The results of the coefficients in Quchan, Chenaran and Neyshabur County indicate that there is a positive relationship between water cost and labor costs, and a negative relation to the price of fertilizer, poison, seeds and production amount. Conclusion: Based on the results, water is a substitute for fertilizer and poison with partial elasticity greater than one and this point illustrates the impact of the consumption management and economic evaluation of water on improving the consumption of other fertilizer and poison inputs as well as the water in the production of sugar beet is in this area. Based on the results, it is suggested that policies such as optimal prices for inputs such as poison and fertilizer must be adopted to prevent environmental pollution.

This paper focuses on the relationship between structural variables and market behavior for a sample of 141 four-digit industries during 1374-1388 in Iran. For this purpose, the system of equations consists of the Dynamics of Competition, Researching intensity and Advertising intensity applied. The seemingly unrelated regression Estimation ((SUR)E) method in the Pane Data is used to estimate the parameters of the models.Results show that Researching intensity and Advertising intensity have a positive and significant effect on the Dynamics of Competition in the Iranian industries and the effect of Advertising intensity is more than Researching intensity. Moreover the interrupted value of the dynamics of competition is interrupted for a significant positive effect on the dynamics of competition in the industries in Iran that represent the dynamic effects of this variable in Iran. According to industry research and Trying to marketing and selling industrial products is helping to enhancing competitiveness in the Iranian industries.

This paper intends to estimate the energy demand function in industry section based on the two-stage optimization approach. Consequently, it defines the substitution elasticity between inputs. Energy demand estimation in various sections makes it feasible to define energy policies. At the first phase the key influential factors on the energy demand function estimation in industry section which is one of high consumption section, were defined and at the next phase the elements of energy demand were determined through logit function and seemingly unrelated regression estimation and price and substitution elasticity were calculated.

In this study, the role of banking facilities granted in development of Iran's non-oil exports has been investigated. To this point, by seemingly unrelated regression method, the impact of facilities granted on investment, impact of investment on capital inventory (stock), impact of capital inventory on non-oil GDP and impact of non-oil GDP on non-oil exports was mea(SUR)ed. The results showed that the banking facilities granted has a positive influence on non-oil exports.

The economic behavior of the society from the point of view of Islam can be a symbol of the institutionalization of the foundations of religion in people's thinking and thought. The study of the trend of economic behavior changes also helps to study the impact of policies on people's religiosity. For this purpose, the economic indicators of the society are important. One of the most important economic indicators for the classification of goods and services is the calculation of income elasticity. According to the teachings of Islam, it is expected that the elasticity of the obligatory and recommended expenditures of kindnessbe less than one and the necessities of the life of Muslims, and other religious expenditures are among the luxury items. In this paper, in an empirical study, the income elasticity of the religious expenditures of urban and rural households related to the period of 1393-1338 was estimated using the seemingly unrelated regression method ((SUR)) and it was estimated that expenditures Religious trips and expenditures are for the purpose of organizing urban and rural communal and rural personal expenses, in line with the expectations of luxury goods. Moreover, in spite of the expectation of the costly nature of rural villages, it was ranked among luxury goods. In addition, due to the lack of significance of the coefficients related to the independent variable of income in relation to other religious expenditures, there was no possibility of calculating their income growth (cost).

Sustainable agricultural development is a multidimensional concept, has become increasingly important over time. Therefore, identifying the factors affecting each of the dimensions of sustainable agriculture is necessary for proper planning. In this paper, an attempt is made to determine the factors affecting the four dimensions of sustainable agricultural development in Khorasan Razavi province by using seemingly unrelated regression equations ((SUR)E) and using a sample of 398 farmers selected by two-stage random cluster method. Data obtained from the completion of the questionnaire in 2019. The results show that, the average indicator of social sustainability is 0.55, environmental sustainability is 0.47, economic sustainability is 0.41 and political sustainability is 0.32. Also, there are significat correlations between variables of participation in training courses, interest in agriculture and job satisfaction with the components of agricultural sustainability. There is significat correlation between membership in farmers' cooperative with political stability, land ownership with social and political components, and land integration with economic component of sustainability. Accordingly, it is suggested that extension trainings in the field of sustainable agriculture be developed. According to the priority of managerial sustainability, investment in agricultural infrastructure, improvement of decision-making methods, development and strengthening of agricultural organizations, development of support laws and the development of sustainable employment be on the desicionmakers. In addition, developing a proper marketing system with the aim of preventing waste and reducing production costs will en(SUR)e the stability of farmers' incomes.